File System

• / - root directory.

  • /home - contains home directories of all non-root users.

    • /user1 - some user home space. Programs installed here, will be available for this user only.

  • /root - root user home directory.

  • /bin - binaries - executables for most essential user commands (cat, cp, ls...).

  • /sbin - system binaries - programs that admin would use (need superuser privilege).

  • /lib - library - essential shared libraries that executables from /bin or /sbin use.

  • /usr - user - had been used for user home directories before /home appeared.

    • /local - programs that YOU install on the computer. Programs installed here, will be available for all users on the computer.

  • /opt - optional - third-party programs you install. Programs, which not split its components.

  • /boot - booting - contains files required for booting.

  • /etc - et cetera - place where configuration for system-wide applications is stored. Staff here is writable (not readable-only).

  • /dev - devices - location of device files - webcam, keyboard, hard drive etc.

  • /var - variable - contains files to which the system writes data during the course of its operation.

    • /log - contains log files.

    • /cache - contains cached data from application programs.

  • /tmp - temporary - temporary resources required for some process, kept here temporarily.

  • /media - contains subdirectories, where removable media devices inserted into the computer are mounted.

  • /mnt - temporary mount points - historically, sys admins mounted temporary file systems there.

Hidden files * Is primarily used to help prevent important data from being accidentally deleted. * Automatically generated by programs or operating system. * Name starts with a dot. * In UNIX also called "dotfiles".